Evidence-Based Management of the Anzali Wetland System (Northern Iran) Based on Innovative Monitoring and Modeling Methods

As an “international aquatic ecosystem” in Northern Iran, the Anzali wetland is a nursery for fish and breeding wintering area wide variety of waterfowl. The threatened by human activities (deforestation, hunting, tourism, urbanization), leading to habitat destruction, eutrophication, sediment accumulation. To stop degradation set up effective protection restoration line with Sustainable Development Goals, scientific insights must be integrated into practical framework evidence-based support policymakers managers wetland. In this study, Drivers–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) used as suitable tool link pressures state changes derive overview potential impacts. Population growth, intensive agriculture, increased urbanization, industrialization are major driving forces that have led complex cascade changes. For instance, during recent years, water quality deterioration, degradation, overgrowth invasive species watershed caused negative socio-economic health Integrated innovative monitoring programs combined socio-environmental modeling techniques needed more management approach part multiresponse strategy sustainable development system. respect, there critical gap useful information concerning biological composition methods. Moreover, relation biota activity environmental conditions needs better quantified. Therefore, ecological based on machine learning statistics were reviewed their advantages disadvantages. approaches presented here can serve basis scientists, practitioners, decision-makers develop implement